Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Apical Periodontitis in Endodontically-Treated Teeth: A Meta-Analysis from 15 Studies.

INTRODUCTION: At present, the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is gradually increasing globally. In clinical practice, many patients with diabetes with apical periodontitis (AP) have poor and slow healing of periapical lesions. However, the potential relationship between the 2 is still unclear and controversial. The consensus is that DM can be deemed a risk factor for AP in endodontically-treated teeth. Therefore, we pooled existing studies and carried out a meta-analysis to explore the potential association between the 2. METHODS: Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected from the database, and relevant data were extracted. Stata SE 17.0 software was used to analyze the relevant data, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the literature's quality. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of the association between DM and the prevalence of AP after root canal treatment (RCT). RESULTS: After searching, 262 relevant studies were retrieved, fifteen of which met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1087 patients with 2226 teeth were included in this meta-analysis. According to the findings, diabetics showed a higher prevalence of AP after RCT than controls at the tooth level (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.22-1.87, P < .01). At the patient level, DM increased the probability of developing AP in RCT teeth more than 3 times (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.65-6.93, P < .01). Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed by blood glucose status, preoperative AP, and study design. Except for the status of blood glucose, the results were significant in the other 2 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Available scientific evidence suggests that DM may increase the risk of AP in endodontically-treated teeth. In teeth with preoperative AP, DM might promote the development of AP.

Risk Factors for and Clinical Presentations Indicative of Vertical Root Fracture in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to identify specific clinical signs or symptoms and potential risk factors which are most likely associated with the presence of a vertical root fracture (VRF) in endodontically treated teeth (ETT). METHODS: Electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched by 2 reviewers in October 2022 for clinical studies, in which at least either the clinical presentation or potential risk factors associated with a VRF were assessed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses of odds ratios (ORs) were performed separately for several signs or symptoms and risk factors. RESULTS: Fourteen sources reporting on 2877 teeth (489 with VRF and 2388 without VRF) were included in the meta-analyses. Regarding the clinical presentation, the presence of sinus tracts (OR = 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-15.0), increased periodontal probing depths (OR = 13.24; 95% CI, 5.44-32.22), swelling/abscess (OR = 2.86; 95% CI, 1.74-4.70), and tenderness to percussion (OR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.61) were significantly associated with the presence of a VRF (Padj. value < .05). None of the assessed risk factors (sex, type of teeth, tooth location, posts, indirect restoration, and apical extension of the root canal filling) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of a VRF (Padj. value > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Four clinical presentations were identified to be the most significant signs or symptoms for a VRF in ETT: presence of sinus tracts, increased probing depths, swelling/abscess, and tenderness to percussion. None of the assessed risk factors pointed out to be significantly associated with a VRF. REGISTRATION: CRD42022354108 (PROSPERO).

Root resorption factors associated with orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a serious complication that should be avoided during orthodontic treatment; this pathology depends on multiple factors. Data from clinical studies should be assessed to determine the influence these factors have on the development of EARR. This systematic review aims to compare EARR produced by different factors (orthodontic systems, dental trauma, and dental vitality). The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database. The search was performed on 5 databases. Accepted study designs included randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized clinical trials, and observational studies. Full-text articles from clinical studies of EARR associated with orthodontic treatment in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with no publication date restrictions were selected. Data from the studies, such as age, population, study groups, and outcome measures, were recorded. Multiple meta-analyses were performed with data from the included studies. Evidence suggests that EARR induced by orthodontic treatment is similar, regardless of the technique used. Evidence of the effect of previous dental trauma on EARR during orthodontic treatment is limited. There is less EARR associated with orthodontic treatment in endodontically treated teeth than in vital teeth. These conclusions should be considered with caution due to the low certainty of the evidence.

Pathophysiology of current odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and endoscopic sinus surgery preceding dental treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The successful management of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) involves a combination of medical treatment with dental surgery and/or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, there is no consensus for the optimal timing of ESS. Although several studies have emphasized dental surgery as the primary treatment modality for OMS, there is recent evidence to suggest that ESS alone may be an effective treatment approach. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively investigate the pathophysiology of the current intractable OMS and the role ESS, especially ESS preceding dental treatment, plays in its pathophysiology. METHODS: Ninety-seven adults (60 males and 37 females, 48 ± 12 years) who underwent ESS for intractable OMS were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: In a great deal of the cases (85 cases, 87.6%), causative teeth of OMS were periapical lesions after root canal treatment (endodontics). The root canal procedures were not sufficient; hence, the root-canal-treated teeth had periapical lesions causing OMS. In postoperative nasal endoscopy and cone-beam CT scans for all patients, the natural ostiums and the membranous portions of the maxillary sinuses were enlarged and the ostiomeatal complexes remained widely open. The ventilation and drainage of all patients' maxillary sinuses seemed to be successfully restored. Temporary acute sinusitis recurrence after primary ESS for OMS was observed in 10 cases (11.8%) when the patients caught a cold. However, since the natural ostium and the membranous portion of the maxillary sinuses and the ostiomeatal complexes remained widely open, antibiotic administration alone without dental treatment cured the temporary acute sinusitis. Regarding the causative teeth (endodontic treated teeth), in 83 out of 85 cases (97.6%), causative teeth were able to be preserved with only antibiotic treatment and without dental retreatment. In two cases, extraction of the teeth was necessary because the teeth became mobile. Regarding the causative teeth after dental restoration, in 2 out of 2 cases (100%), causative teeth were able to be preserved with antibiotic treatment alone. CONCLUSION: ESS is highly indicated for OMS requiring surgery. The treatment results of intractable OMS are exceptionally good once the ventilation and drainage of the maxillary sinus is successfully restored after surgery. Consequently, ESS can be considered the first-line therapy for intractable OMS caused by root canal treatment (endodontics) and dental restoration, followed by close dental follow-up and dental treatment when necessary.

Evaluation of the influence of various restoration techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different cavity wall thicknesses.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different restoration techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different wall thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted and endodontically treated 210 premolars were randomly divided into three thickness groups [2 mm (A), 1.5 mm (B), and 1 mm (C)] and, each group was further divided into seven restoration subgroups (n = 10): direct composite (control) (K), composite with fiber on cavity floor (KT), composite with fiber on occlusal level (KO), fiber post and composite (FP), inlay (L), fiber on cavity floor and inlay (LT), and inlay and fiber on occlusal level (LO). Fracture test was performed, and data were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: There were no differences between the subgroups in A and C statistically (P > 0.05). However, in B, KO subgroup showed statistically higher values (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Wall support of 2 mm was adequate, and support of 1 mm was completely insufficient. When the wall thickness was 1.5 mm, direct restoration with fiber at the occlusal level significantly improved resistance.

Vertical root fractures in endodontically-treated teeth: A retrospective analysis of possible risk factors.

AIM: The prevalence of vertical root fractures (VRF) ranges from 2% to 20%, and is associated with endodontically-treated teeth (ETT). The aim of the present study was to analyze clinically and radiographically, at different intervals of time, some of the risk factors present in ETT that developed VRF. METHODS: A classification model according to time measured the follow-up period of three groups. A match was made for times of occurrence (cases) and follow up (controls). An odds ratio (OR) test and a logistic regression model set at 95% confidence interval (CI) established the VRF probability when different clinical factors (patient, tooth, and endodontic or restorative treatment) were present. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 197 ETT (41 cases and 156 controls). A classification model set the trend, thus defining three groups: group 1 (1-4 years of follow up): endodontic retreatment (OR: 8.01, 95% CI: 1.85-37.90, P=.0014), indirect restoration (OR: .202, 95% CI: .036-.979, P=.05); group 2 (5-8 years of follow up): primary treatment (OR: .052, 95% CI: .002-.680, P=.044) and the 'single tooth' category (OR: .042, 95% CI: .002-.453, P=.02) demonstrated a significant association with VRF; and group 3 (>9 years of follow up): no association. CONCLUSION: Endodontic retreatment had the highest risk association for VRF after 1-8 years of follow up. Indirect and individual restorations were not significantly associated with VRF.

Number of Non-vital Teeth as Indicator of Tooth Loss during 10-year Maintenance: A Retrospective Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether number of non-vital teeth was an indicator of tooth loss during maintenance. Thirty-three general practitioners provided data on 321 patients undergoing maintenance over 10 years. The number of present teeth (PT), smoking status, level of bone loss, number of non-vital teeth, and reason for tooth loss during that period were investigated. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify whether the number of non-vital teeth was associated with tooth loss. The average number of lost teeth was 1.07±1.82; that of PT at baseline was 24.4±3.9; and that of non-vital teeth at baseline was 5.4±4.5. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association between >8 non-vital teeth and tooth loss during maintenance (odds ratio [OR]: 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-4.87). It also demonstrated relationships between >8 non-vital teeth and root fracture or caries (OR: 3.90; 95%CI: 1.68-9.03 or OR: 2.85, 95%CI: 1.14-7.10, respectively). The number of non-vital teeth was associated with tooth loss during maintenance. The results suggest that patients with many non-vital teeth before commencement of maintenance are particularly at risk of tooth loss due to root fracture or caries. Therefore, the number of non-vital teeth offers a useful indicator of potential tooth loss.

Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with 2 Different Fiber-reinforced Composite and 2 Conventional Composite Resin Core Buildup Materials: An In Vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with 2 fiber-reinforced composite resins and 2 conventional composite resin core buildup materials. METHODS: Sixty noncarious unrestored human maxillary premolars were collected, endodontically treated (except group 1, negative control), and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). Group 2 was the positive control. The remaining 40 prepared teeth were restored with various direct core buildup materials as follows: group 3 teeth were restored with dual-cure composite resin, group 4 with posterior composite resin, group 5 with fiber-reinforced composite resin, and group 6 with short fiber-reinforced composite resin. Fracture strength testing was performed using a universal testing machine. The results were statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. Fracture patterns for each sample were also examined under a light microscope to determine the level of fractures. RESULTS: The mean fracture resistance values (in newtons) were obtained as group 1 > group 6 > group 4 > group 3 > group 5 > group 2. Group 6 showed the highest mean fracture resistance value, which was significantly higher than the other experimental groups, and all the fractures occurred at the level of enamel. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, a short fiber-reinforced composite can be used as a direct core buildup material that can effectively resist heavy occlusal forces against fracture and may reinforce the remaining tooth structure in endodontically treated teeth.

Complejidad del tratamiento endodóntico, según factores asociados / Endodontic treatment complexity and associated factors

Introducción: la clasificación de la complejidad de la terapia endodóntica permite estimar factores que pueden interferir su éxito. Objetivo: determinar la correspondencia entre la duración del tratamiento pulporadicular y la complejidad asignada, según el Formulario de Evaluación de las Dificultades del Tratamiento Endodóntico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo con un muestreo por conglomerado bietápico; quedaron incluidos 82 pacientes. Fue aplicado un modelo que recoge factores asociados a la complejidad del tratamiento endodóntico, mediante el interrogatorio, examen clínico y radiográfico. Los datos fueron procesados con el software estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Se emplearon técnicas de la estadística descriptiva (frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes). Las variables empleadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos, anestésicos, conducta del paciente, apertura bucal, reflejo nauseoso, complicaciones, dificultad radiográfica, diagnóstico, posición en el arco, inclinación y rotación dentaria, morfología coronaria, ápice radicular, alteración del número de raíces, bifurcación, visibilidad y tamaño de los conductos, acceso cameral, presencia de calcificaciones, reabsorción, enfermedad periodontal y complejidad del tratamiento. Resultados: en 80,8 por ciento de los pacientes, la categoría de elevada dificultad el tratamiento tuvo una duración entre 6 y 10 semanas. El dolor moderado o intenso e inflamación extendida se presentó en 29,3 por ciento de los casos. Dentro de los factores relacionados con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento se observaron las restauraciones extensas, la moderada dificultad en la obtención e interpretación de la imagen radiográfica, así como la inclinación dentaria moderada y los conductos visibles, pero reducidos en 23,2 por ciento, 22,0 por ciento, 20,7 por ciento y 19,5 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la duración de la terapia aumenta en correspondencia con la complejidad que asigna el ...(AU)

Introduction: classifying the complexity of endodontic therapy makes it possible to identify factors which may interfere with its success. Objective: determine the correspondence between the duration of root canal treatment and the complexity assigned to it on the Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment Form. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted based on two-staged cluster sampling. The resulting study group was composed of 82 patients. A form was used which lists the factors associated with the complexity of endodontic treatment, collected through interviews and clinical and radiographic examination. Data were processed with the statistical software SPSS version 15.0. Use was made of descriptive statistics techniques (absolute frequencies and percentages). The variables studied were age, sex, pathological antecedents, anesthetics, patient behavior, mouth opening, gagging, complications, radiographic difficulty, diagnosis, position in the arch, dental inclination and rotation, crown morphology, root apex, alteration in the number of roots, bifurcation, duct visibility and size, chamber access, presence of calcifications, resorption, periodontal disease and complexity of the treatment.Results: in 80.8 percent of the patients, the category of high treatment difficulty had a duration of 6 to 10 weeks. Moderate or intense pain and extended swelling were present in 29.3 percent of the cases. The following factors related to the diagnosis and treatment were observed: extensive restorations, moderate difficulty to obtain and interpret the radiographic image, moderate dental inclination and visible ducts, occurring in 23.2 percent, 22.0 percent, 20.7 percent and 19.5 percent of the cases, respectively.Conclusions: treatment duration increases in keeping with the complexity assigned by the form. It is important to evaluate the factors associated with treatment difficulty to foster a more reasonable approach to each specific situation(AU)

Complejidad del tratamiento endodóntico, según factores asociados / Endodontic treatment complexity and associated factors

Introducción: la clasificación de la complejidad de la terapia endodóntica permite estimar factores que pueden interferir su éxito. Objetivo: determinar la correspondencia entre la duración del tratamiento pulporadicular y la complejidad asignada, según el Formulario de Evaluación de las Dificultades del Tratamiento Endodóntico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo con un muestreo por conglomerado bietápico; quedaron incluidos 82 pacientes. Fue aplicado un modelo que recoge factores asociados a la complejidad del tratamiento endodóntico, mediante el interrogatorio, examen clínico y radiográfico. Los datos fueron procesados con el software estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Se emplearon técnicas de la estadística descriptiva (frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes). Las variables empleadas fueron: edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos, anestésicos, conducta del paciente, apertura bucal, reflejo nauseoso, complicaciones, dificultad radiográfica, diagnóstico, posición en el arco, inclinación y rotación dentaria, morfología coronaria, ápice radicular, alteración del número de raíces, bifurcación, visibilidad y tamaño de los conductos, acceso cameral, presencia de calcificaciones, reabsorción, enfermedad periodontal y complejidad del tratamiento. Resultados: en 80,8 por ciento de los pacientes, la categoría de elevada dificultad el tratamiento tuvo una duración entre 6 y 10 semanas. El dolor moderado o intenso e inflamación extendida se presentó en 29,3 por ciento de los casos. Dentro de los factores relacionados con el diagnóstico y el tratamiento se observaron las restauraciones extensas, la moderada dificultad en la obtención e interpretación de la imagen radiográfica, así como la inclinación dentaria moderada y los conductos visibles, pero reducidos en 23,2 por ciento, 22,0 por ciento, 20,7 por ciento y 19,5 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la duración de la terapia aumenta en correspondencia con la complejidad que asigna el formulario. La evaluación de los factores asociados a la dificultad del tratamiento es importante para propiciar una conducta más razonable ante cada situación específica(AU)

Introduction: classifying the complexity of endodontic therapy makes it possible to identify factors which may interfere with its success. Objective: determine the correspondence between the duration of root canal treatment and the complexity assigned to it on the Endodontic Case Difficulty Assessment Form. Methods: a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conducted based on two-staged cluster sampling. The resulting study group was composed of 82 patients. A form was used which lists the factors associated with the complexity of endodontic treatment, collected through interviews and clinical and radiographic examination. Data were processed with the statistical software SPSS version 15.0. Use was made of descriptive statistics techniques (absolute frequencies and percentages). The variables studied were age, sex, pathological antecedents, anesthetics, patient behavior, mouth opening, gagging, complications, radiographic difficulty, diagnosis, position in the arch, dental inclination and rotation, crown morphology, root apex, alteration in the number of roots, bifurcation, duct visibility and size, chamber access, presence of calcifications, resorption, periodontal disease and complexity of the treatment. Results: in 80.8 percent of the patients, the category of high treatment difficulty had a duration of 6 to 10 weeks. Moderate or intense pain and extended swelling were present in 29.3 percent of the cases. The following factors related to the diagnosis and treatment were observed: extensive restorations, moderate difficulty to obtain and interpret the radiographic image, moderate dental inclination and visible ducts, occurring in 23.2 percent, 22.0 percent, 20.7 percent and 19.5 percent of the cases, respectively. Conclusions: treatment duration increases in keeping with the complexity assigned by the form. It is important to evaluate the factors associated with treatment difficulty to foster a more reasonable approach to each specific situation(AU)

Effect of fiber posts on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated anterior teeth with cervical cavities: An in vitro study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: How the placement of fiber posts affects the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors with cervical cavities is not well documented. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of fiber posts on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors with cervical cavities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected and divided into 5 test groups (n=10) according to the restoration strategy: GHT, control group; endodontically treated teeth (ETT) without endodontic posts; GCV, ETT with cervical cavities simulating coronal destruction; GCF, ETT with cervical cavities and carbon fiber posts; GGF, ETT with cervical cavities and glass fiber posts; and GCP, ETT with cervical cavities and composite resin posts. After the fiber posts had been cemented with a resin cement and the foundations had been placed, all specimens were quasi statically loaded at 45 degrees in a universal testing machine until fracture. All specimens were evaluated for fracture modes. The data were then analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons with the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). The mode of failure was determined by visual inspection. RESULTS: The mean ±SD failure loads for the groups ranged from 718.2 ±89.8 N to 943.8 ±93.1 N. In a 1-way ANOVA followed by post hoc testing, GGFs had a higher fracture strength than all other groups (P≤.05). However, GCPs had a lower fracture strength than all other groups. Statistically significant differences were observed among groups (P≤.05), except between the GHT group and the GCF and GGF groups (P=.075, P=.226). All groups except GHT showed complete favorable fracture mode within the cervical third of the roots. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, placement of glass fiber posts significantly improved the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors with cervical cavities.

The effect of temporary restorative materials on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

This study was designed to investigate the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth temporarily restored with some commonly used interim materials. Of 90 extracted maxillary premolars used in this study, 15 were left intact as the positive control. Endodontic treatment was performed on the remaining 75 teeth. The endodontically treated teeth were then randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 15). One group was not restored and served as the negative control. In the remaining 4 experimental groups, the teeth were restored with a temporary cement: Zonalin, IRM, Coltosol, or Fuji II LC resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). The fracture strengths of all teeth were measured with a universal testing machine. The fracture strength of teeth restored with RMGI was significantly greater than that of other groups (P < 0.001), including intact teeth (P = 0.025). The fracture strength of teeth restored with other temporary materials was significantly lower than that of intact teeth (P < 0.05) but not significantly different from that of the negative control. From a structural resistance standpoint, RMGI may be the best choice for short-term temporary restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Other types of temporary restorative material had no reinforcing effect on tooth structure.

Failure Mechanisms of Fibre Posts: A Literature Review.

AIM: To review the available evidence for the causes of failure of fibre posts. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A search of MEDLINE was conducted to retrieve available data on fibre posts used for restoration of endodontically treated teeth since 1980. The Cochrane Library was also separately searched for systematic reviews. Additionally, references of the retrieved articles were also hand searched for further relevant papers. All the selected papers were then critically appraised subject to meeting inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Nineteen prospective clinical trials were included after critical appraisal of the papers. Causes of failure of fibre posts were identified as follows: adhesive failure, root fracture, post fracture, endodontic failure, secondary caries and periodontal complications. Risk factors for each of the failures were investigated and evidence-based recommendations for minimising these complications are discussed. CONCLUSION: Although laboratory studies showed favourable mechanical and physical properties of fibre posts, clinically, there has been a wide range of failures mechanisms are reported in the literature. Adhesive failure was reported in 16 of the 19 trials, making it the most frequent cause of failure. The available evidence does not indicate a difference in short-term survival probability between metal or fibre posts. A number of risk factors, which affect the longevity of fibre posts, were identified and discussed. Since there is considerable heterogeneity in study designs and reported survival rates of included studies, longer-term well-designed standardised clinical trails are required.

Fixed prosthodontic treatment outcomes in the long-term management of patients with periodontal disease: a 20-year follow-up report.

PURPOSE: The aim of this long-term cohort study was to evaluate the efficacy and complications of fixed partial dentures in a convenience sample of 100 patients with periodontal disease who were treated and maintained periodontal patients after 20 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After active treatment, including periodontal surgery and endodontic and prosthetic treatment, patients were enrolled in a supportive periodontal care (SPC) program with 3- to 6-month recalls. All patients showed clinical data recorded at (1) the original consultation (T0), (2) the first SPC visit following the completion of prosthetic treatment (T1), and (3) at the latest SPC clinical session 20 years after T1 (T2). Multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the influence of clinical variables on the risk of prosthetic abutment (PA) loss after 20 years' visits. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 100 patients. At T1, a total of 948 PAs represented the original sample of experimental teeth. At the 20-year follow-up, a total of 854 PAs (90.1%) were still in function, while 94 (9.9%) PAs in 41 patients (41%) were lost during SPC; 98% of lost PA were endodontically treated. Vertical root fracture (48%) was the major cause of PA loss, while progression of periodontitis caused 31% of PA loss. Age (P = .002), Full-Mouth Plaque Score (P < .0001), Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (P = .0002), and oral parafunctions (P = .0083) were associated with increased probability of PA failure. Among clinical-related factors, endodontic treatment (P = .0082), root resection/ amputation (P < .0001), multi-rooted teeth (P = .0005), and abutment associated with parafunction (P < .0001) were associated with increased risk of abutment loss after 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: Perioprosthetic treatment in compliant patients is highly successful after 20 years of SPC.

Comparison of pH changes induced by calcium enriched mixture and those of calcium hydroxide in simulated root resorption defects.

INTRODUCTION: External resorption usually occurs after dental trauma and the loss of root cementum. Because it has the ability to induce alkaline pH, calcium hydroxide is used in treatment of external resorption, which is reportedly not free from disadvantages. Driven by such understanding, the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the pH changes induced by calcium enriched mixture (CEM) and those of calcium hydroxide in simulated root resorption defects. METHODS: Twenty-one paired extracted human premolars were cut to the length of 14 mm. Root canal preparation was performed by using ProTaper rotary system. Cavities of 0.7-mm depth and 1.4-mm diameter were prepared on the external root surface, 5 mm from the apex. Half of the teeth were filled with CEM and the other half with calcium hydroxide. Five premolars were also assigned as the negative control group and filled with normal saline. To be assured of the filling quality, a radiograph was obtained from each tooth. Subsequently, pH of the cavity was measured with a microelectrode at 20-minute, 3-hour, and 1-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day intervals after filling. RESULTS: Mean pH in the CEM and in the calcium hydroxide groups were significantly varied during the study period, with pH of the calcium hydroxide group significantly higher than that of CEM in all of the measurements. However, no significant difference was observed between the pH of the calcium hydroxide group and that of the control group at the 7-day and 14-day measurements and between those of the CEM group and the control group at days 7, 21, and 28. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with calcium hydroxide, CEM hardly maintained alkaline pH during the first month of use, and so CEM may be an inappropriate material in treatment of external root resorption.

Evaluación del estado periapical de dientes tratados endodónticamente mediante radiografías periapicales digitales y tomografía computarizada de haz cónico / Evaluating the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth using digital periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography

Objetivos: La radiolucidez apical, signo común de la periodontitis apical, se puede detectar mediante radiografías periapicales (RP) o cortes obtenidos a partir de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). El objetivo de este estudio clínico fue comparar la prevalencia de lesiones periapicales en raíces individuales de dientes tratados endodónticamente evaluados mediante RP digitales y TCHC. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron un total de 135 dientes (131 pacientes) mediante RP digitales y TCHC. Los dientes fueron clasificados según su diagnóstico en: tejidos apicales normales, periodontitis apical sintomática, periodontitis apical asintomática, absceso apical agudo y absceso apical crónico. Dos examinadores calibrados determinaron la presencia o ausencia de lesión periapical. En caso de desacuerdo, la lectura se discutía hasta alcanzar un consenso. Resultados: Se analizaron 290 raíces emparejadas con RP digitales y TCHC, y se detectaron 159 (54,8%) lesiones periapicales mediante RP digitales. En cambio, se detectaron 204 (70,3%) lesiones periapicales cuando estas mismas 290 raíces fueron observadas mediante TCHC. Además, se observaron 4 raíces accesorias solo identificadas mediante TCHC. Conclusiones: El análisis de las imágenes obtenidas mediante TCHC revelaron un 15,5% más de lesiones periapicales que las obtenidas mediante RP digitales en dientes endodonciados habiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P < .05) en los dientes clasificados como tejidos apicales normales, periodontitis apical sintomática y absceso apical agudo

Objective: Periapical radiolucency, detected on a periapical (PA) radiograph or by reconstructed scans obtained using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), is a common sign of apical periodontitis. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of PA lesions on individual roots viewed with digital PA radiographs and CBCT of endodontically treated teeth. Material and methods: One hundred and thirty-five paired roots (in 131 patients) were evaluated with both radiological systems, digital PA radiographs and CBCT. The teeth were classified according to their diagnosis in cases of normal apical tissues, symptomatic apical periodontitis, asymptomatic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess and chronic apical abscess. Two calibrated examiners determined the presence of absence of periapical lesion. A consensus agreement was reached if there was any disagreement. Results: Two hundred and ninety paired roots were assessed with PA radiographs and CBCT; periapical lesions were present in 159 (54.8%) roots assessed with digital PA radiographs. When the same 290 sets of roots were assessed with CBCT, lesions were present in 204 (70.3%). Four additional roots were detected with CBCT. Conclusions: The analysis of the images obtained by CBCT revealed 15.5% more PA lesions than those obtained by digital PA radiographs. Statistically significant difference (P <.05) was observed between digital PA radiographs and CBCT for teeth classified as having normal apical tissues, symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess

Treatment planning and dental rehabilitation of a periodontally compromised partially edentulous patient: a case report - Part I.

When planning a prosthetic rehabilitation of a periodontally compromised case, the clinician is often confronted with difficulties and dilemmas related to selecting the appropriate treatment modality that would provide a long-term longevity in terms of function and esthetics. In such cases, a correct diagnosis and prognosis of the intraoral situation supported by evidence-based dentistry is the basis for the establishment of a proper treatment strategy. In this two-part treatment planning series, a systematic approach of patient examination and prognosis of each tooth is presented. Furthermore, different removable and fixed treatment possibilities are described and the rationale governing the decision-making process is revealed. The execution of the final treatment plan as specified by the concept of comprehensive dental care is outlined and the final outcome is discussed according to the literature.

Risk factors affecting third molar autotransplantation during 5 and 10 years.

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors affecting 5- and 10-year survival in autotransplantation of third molars with complete root formation at dental clinics. Participating dentists were requested to provide information on transplantations performed between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2009. After data screening and elimination, 183 teeth in 171 men aged 20-72 years (mean, 44.8 years) and 205 teeth in 189 women aged 20-74 years (mean, 42.0 years) were included in the study. A single-factor analysis using the log-rank test revealed that the following factors had a significant influence (p<0.05) on 5-year survival in transplanted teeth in men: recipient site in the maxilla and fewer than 25 present teeth; those for 10-year survival, on the other hand, were recipient site tooth extraction due to periodontal disease, recipient site in the maxilla, fewer than 25 present teeth, and Eichner index Group B1 to C. Cox regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for 5-year survival for recipient site in the maxilla was 2.873 (95% CI, 1.073-7.695), while that for 10-year survival was 3.713 (95% CI, 1.601-8.609) for recipient site extraction due to periodontal disease, 2.190 (95% CI, 1.021-4.700) for recipient site in the maxilla, and 3.110 (95% CI, 1.470-6.581) for fewer than 25 present teeth. In women, the log-rank test indicated experience of less than 10-year in performing treatment as a significant factor (p <0.05) in 5-year survival. These results suggest that medium-term survival in transplanted teeth is influenced by operational risk factors in women, while long-term survival in transplanted teeth is influenced by individual oral status in men.

Tooth loss in individuals under periodontal maintenance therapy: 5-year prospective study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tooth loss (TL), one of the most visible results of the evolution of periodontitis, causes physiological and psychological impacts on a patient's life. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence, underlying reasons and influence of risk predictors for the occurrence of TL in a program of periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 5 years. METHODS: The sample comprised 212 individuals diagnosed with chronic moderate-severe periodontitis, who had finished active periodontal treatment, were incorporated in a PMT program. Individuals were divided in to two groups: 96 regular compliers (RC) and 116 irregular compliers (IC). Full-mouth periodontal examination was performed. Social, demographic, behavioral and biological variables of interest were collected at all PMT visits. The effect of risk predictors and confounders for TL, as well as the underlying reasons of TL, were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: TL was significantly lower among RC (0.12 teeth lost/year) in comparison to IC (0.36 teeth lost/year; p < 0.01). Individuals that were > 55 years old, males and smokers lost significantly more teeth in both groups (with IC > RC). The number of teeth lost due to periodontal reasons was significantly higher than TL for other reasons in both groups (p < 0.01). The final linear and logistic model for TL included: male gender, smoking, probing depth 4-6 mm in up to 10% of sites and irregular compliance. CONCLUSION: IC individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of TL when compared to RC individuals. Findings demonstrated the influence of irregular compliance and the importance of monitoring other risk predictors for TL such as smoking, male gender and severity of probing depth during PMT.